Butachlor

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Origin:

China

Butachlor

Common name: butachlor
IUPAC name: N-butoxymethyl-2-chloro-2' , 6' -diethylacetanilide
Chemical Abstracts name: N-( butoxymethyl) -2-chloro-N-( 2, 6-diethylphenyl) acetamide
CAS RN: [ 23184-66-9]

PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY
Composition: 92% pure. Mol. wt.: 311.9; M.f.: C17H26ClNO2 Form: Light yellow to purple liquid with a faint, sweet odour. M.p.: -2.8 ° C to 1.7 ° C. B.p.: 156 º C/ 0.5 mmHg. V.p.: 2.4x10-1 mPa ( 25 ° C) . Henry: 3.74x10-3 Pa m3 mol-1 ( calc.) S.g./ density: 1.076 ( 25 º C) . Solubility: In water 20 mg/ l ( 20 º C) . Soluble in most organic solvents, including diethyl ether, acetone, benzene, ethanol, ethyl acetate, and hexane. Stability: Decomposes at 165 º C. Stable to u.v. light. Stable indefinitely 45 ° C. F.p.: > 135 ° C ( Tag closed cup) . Other properties: Viscosity 37 cP ( 25 ° C) .

APPLICATIONS
Biochemistry: Inhibits cell division by blocking protein synthesis.
Mode of action: Selective systemic herbicide, absorbed primarily by the germinating shoots, and secondarily by the roots, with translocation throughout the plant, giving higher concentrations in vegetative parts than in reproductive parts.
Uses: Used pre-emergence for the control of annual grasses and certain broad-leaved weeds in rice, both seeded and transplanted. It shows selectivity in barley, cotton, peanuts, sugar beet, wheat and several brassica crops. Effective rates range from 1.0-4.5 kg a.i./ ha. Activity is dependent on water availability such as rainfall following treatment, overhead irrigation or applications to standing water as in rice culture.
Phytotoxicity: Non-phytotoxic to rice, cotton, barley, wheat, peanuts, sugar beet, and some brassicas.
Formulation types: EC; GR.

MAMMALIAN TOXICOLOGY
Oral: Acute oral LD50 for rats 2000, mice 4747, rabbits > 5010 mg/ kg.
Skin and eye: Acute percutaneous LD50 for rabbits > 13 000 mg/ kg. Moderate skin irritant; practically non-irritating to eyes ( rabbits) . Contact sensitisation reactions observed in guinea pigs.
Inhalation: LC50 ( 4 h) for rats > 3.34 mg/ l air.
Other: Oncogenic in rats but not in mice. For detailed toxicology data, please contact Monsanto.
Toxicity class: WHO ( a.i.) III ( Table 5) ; EPA ( formulation) III

ECOTOXICOLOGY
Birds: Acute oral LD50 for mallard ducks > 4640 mg/ kg. Dietary LC50 ( 5 d) for mallard ducks > 10 000, bobwhite quail 6597 mg/ kg diet.
Fish: LC50 ( 96 h) for rainbow trout 0.52, bluegill sunfish 0.44, carp 0.32, channel catfish 0.10-0.14, fathead minnow 0.31 mg/ l.
Daphnia: LC50 ( 48 h) 2.4 mg/ l.
Other aquatic spp.: LC50 ( 96 h) for crayfish 26 mg/ l.
Bees: LD50 ( contact) > 100 ug/ bee.

ENVIRONMENTAL FATE
Animals: Metabolised to water-soluble metabolites and excreted.
Plants: Rapidly metabolised in plants to water-soluble metabolites, leading eventually to mineralisation.
Soil/ Environment: In soil, degradation is principally by microbial activity. Persists for c. 6-10 weeks. Converted in soil or water to water-soluble derivatives, with a slow evolution of CO2.

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