v Fertilizers, Soaps and detergent, inorganic phosphates, pickling and rust-proofing metals, pharmaceuticals, sugar refining, gelatin manufacture, water treatment, animal feeds, electro-polishing, petrol additive, conversion coating for metals, catalyst for ethanol manufacture, lakes for cotton drying, yeast, soil stabilizer, waxes and polishes, binder for ceramics, activated carbon, in foods and carbonated beverages as acidulant and sequestrant, laboratory reagent